Hormone therapy can also be used to treat cancer that has come back after treatment or that has spread to other parts of the body. A test called the Breast Cancer Index might be used to help decide if a woman will benefit from more than 5 years of hormone therapy. Treatment longer than 5 years might be offered to women whose cancers have a higher chance of coming back. It is usually taken for at least 5 years. Sometimes it is started before surgery (as neoadjuvant therapy). Hormone therapy is often used after surgery (as adjuvant therapy) to help reduce the risk of the cancer coming back. When is hormone therapy used for breast cancer? It does not help women whose tumors don't have hormone receptors (these tumors are called hormone receptor-negative). It's recommended for women with tumors that are hormone receptor-positive. Hormone therapy can reach cancer cells almost anywhere in the body and not just in the breast. Treatments that stop these hormones from attaching to these receptors are called hormone or endocrine therapy. The breast cancer cells have receptors (proteins) that attach to estrogen and progesterone, which helps them grow. Some types of breast cancer are affected by hormones, like estrogen and progesterone.
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